Author: Leon Clinton

The Form W-2 scam has emerged as one of the most dangerous phishing emails in the tax community. During the last two tax seasons, cybercriminals tricked payroll personnel or people with access to payroll information into disclosing sensitive information for entire workforces.

Last year, more than 200 employers were victimized, resulting in hundreds of thousands of employees with compromised identities. The scam affected all types of employers, from small and large businesses to public schools and universities, hospitals, tribal governments, and charities.

What is a Form W-2?

Employers engaged in a trade or business who pay remuneration for services performed by an employee must file a Form W-2 for each employee from whom:

• Income, social security, or Medicare tax was withheld.
• Income tax would have been withheld if the employee had claimed no more than one withholding allowance or had not claimed exemption from withholding on Form W-4, Employee’s Withholding Allowance Certificate.

Additionally, employers must issue W-2s to any employee (including an employee who is related to the employer) who had the following:

• Non-cash payments of $600 or more for the year
• Non-cash payments of any amount if any income, social security, or Medicare tax was withheld

The Form W-2 contains the employee’s name, address, Social Security number, income, and withholdings. Criminals use that information to file fraudulent tax returns, or they post it for sale on the DarkNet.

How the Form W-2 Phishing Scam Works

Cybercriminals do their homework, identifying chief operating officers, school executives or others in positions of authority. Using a technique known as business email compromise (BEC) or business email spoofing (BES), fraudsters posing as executives send emails to payroll personnel requesting copies of Forms W-2 for all employees.

In many cases, the email starts off as a friendly exchange before the fraudster asks for all Form W-2 information. In several reported cases, after the fraudsters acquired the workforce information, they immediately followed that up with a request for a wire transfer.

What to do

Employers should be aware that cyber criminals’ scams constantly evolve. Finance and payroll personnel should be alert to any unusual requests for employee data.

If your businesses or organization falls victim to the scam or receives a suspect email but does not fall victim to the scam send the full email headers to phishing@irs.gov and use “W2 Scam” in the subject line.

• By Leon Clinton
• February 24, 2018

Updated income-tax withholding tables have been released for 2018 reflecting changes made by the tax reform legislation enacted last month.

The updated withholding information, available on IRS.gov, shows the new rates for employers to use during 2018. Employers should begin using the 2018 withholding tables as soon as possible, but not later than February 15, 2018. They should continue to use the 2017 withholding tables until implementing the 2018 withholding tables.

Many employees will begin to see increases in their paychecks to reflect the new law in February. The time it will take for employees to see the changes in their paychecks will vary depending on how quickly the new tables are implemented by their employers and how often they are paid, generally weekly, biweekly or monthly.

To minimize the burden on taxpayers and employers, the new withholding tables are designed to work with the Forms W-4 that workers have already filed with their employers to claim withholding allowances. Employees do not have to do anything at this time.

Under the new law there are a number of changes for 2018 that affect individual taxpayers. The new withholding tables reflect the increase in the standard deduction, repeal of personal exemptions and changes in tax rates and brackets.

For people with more simple tax situations, the new tables are designed to produce the correct amount of tax withholding. The revisions are also aimed at avoiding over- and under-withholding of tax as much as possible.

To help people determine their withholding (and adjust as needed), the IRS is revising the withholding tax calculator on IRS.gov and should be available by the end of February.

Don’t hesitate to call if you need help figuring out your withholding in 2018.

• By Leon Clinton
• February 22, 2018

Most people file a tax return because they have to, but even if you don’t, there are times when you should–because you might be eligible for a tax refund and not know it. The six tax tips below should help you determine whether you’re one of them.

1. General Filing Rules. Whether you need to file a tax return this year depends on several factors. In most cases, the amount of your income, your filing status, and your age determine whether you must file a tax return. For example, if you’re single and 28 years old you must file if your income, was at least $10,400 ($20,800 if you are married filing a joint return). If you’re self-employed or if you’re a dependent of another person, other tax rules may apply.

2. Premium Tax Credit. If you purchased coverage from the Marketplace in 2017 you might be eligible for the Premium Tax Credit if you chose to have advance payments of the premium tax credit sent directly to your insurer during the year; however, you must file a federal tax return and reconcile any advance payments with the allowable premium tax credit.

3. Tax Withheld or Paid. Did your employer withhold federal income tax from your pay? Did you make estimated tax payments? Did you overpay last year and have it applied to this year’s tax? If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, you could be due a refund, but you have to file a tax return to receive the refund.

4. Earned Income Tax Credit. Did you work and earn less than $53,930 last year? You could receive EITC as a tax refund if you qualify with or without a qualifying child. You may be eligible for up to $6,318. If you qualify, file a tax return to claim it.

5. Additional Child Tax Credit. Do you have at least one child that qualifies for the Child Tax Credit? If you don’t get the full credit amount, you may qualify for the Additional Child Tax Credit and receive a refund even if you do not owe any tax.

6. American Opportunity Credit. The AOTC (up to $2,500 per eligible student) is available for four years of post-secondary education. You or your dependent must have been a student enrolled at least half-time for at least one academic period. Even if you don’t owe any taxes, you still may qualify; however, you must complete Form 8863, Education Credits, and file a return to claim the credit.

If you have any questions about whether you should file a return, please contact the office.

• By Leon Clinton
• February 19, 2018